During 3G and 4G, BBU and RRU are separated placed to decrease the carrier maintenance cost. Normally, the base station of radio access network consists of three parts: an antenna, an RRU (Radio Remote Unit), and a Building Baseband Unit (BBU). It is known that the architecture of 4G network consists of three parts: radio access network, bearer network and core network, and thus, we introduce the transformation of 5G through the aspects of radio access network and core network that relate to our research. Finally, we introduce a real-world test of ClickOS running middleboxes. Also, an original virtual machine ClickOS is introduced, including the architecture and performance analysis of ClickOS, such as delay, boot time, temperature rate, etc.
#Netmap gep software#
In the area of NFV, we briefly introduce the concept of a middlebox and NFV-a technology that moves middlebox from hardware to software through a kind of virtual machine. Next, we introduce the applications of MEC. In the area of MEC, an introduction to MEC is presented in the aspects of computation offloading, distributed cloud delivery and caching, web performance enhancements and big-data. In the area of D2D communication, we first introduce the basic knowledge of D2D-a communication method that allows high-speed and direct communication between two devices without base stations in a range, and introduce four categories of D2D communication in detail alone with challenges of D2D communication including interference management and security issues. We then provide a tutorial overview of these fields respectively. In this paper, the study mainly focuses on the summary of three 5G related technologies: 1) Device-To-Device communication (D2D) 2) Mobile Edge computing (MEC) 3) Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and ClickOS. There are a large number of 5G required technologies, such as ultra-intensive heterogeneous network, micro base station, beam forming, device-to-device communication, software-defined network, multi-access edge computing, and network function virtualization. The digit 2020 means it is estimated to be widely published for commercial use in the year of 2020, and the 5G technology is now under experiments because it must fully satisfy standards of some key indicators: 1) user’s experience rate: 0.1 - 1 Gb/s 2) low latency: the end-to-end delay is reduced to milliseconds 3) connection density: one million/km 2 4) high data rate: the theoretical downlink rate of 5G network is 10 Gb/s. The fifth-generation mobile communication standard, also known as the fifth-generation mobile communication technology, abbreviated as 5G, is an extension after 4G it also technically named “IMT-2020”, developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
As a result, the 4G communication will be no longer satisfy our increasing need in the efficiency.
#Netmap gep how to#
How to effectively increase network capacity, improve wireless spectrum utilization, and improve the users’ experience in different communication modes has become an urgent task. It brings a predictable giant growth of data of 8-fold from 2015 to 2020 and requires a much more exacting standard in communication and faster data transmission.
Also, new connection-based devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-Type-Communications (MTC) are also developing. With the increasing number of users, various online services are emerging, for example, media streaming, social networking, and game. Thus, people start to use enormous mobile data. Nowadays, mobile networking is becoming more and more popular as the main way for people to access the Internet. Some middle boxes are being implemented in the ClickOS and proved to have outstanding performances. In this part, an optimized virtual machine for middle-boxes named ClickOS is introduced, and it is evaluated in several aspects. There is also a NFV method in order to fulfill the 5G requirements. MEC unloads work from end devices and clouds platforms to widespread nodes, and connects the nodes together with outside devices and third-party providers, in order to diminish the overloading effect on any device caused by enormous applications and improve users’ quality of experience (QoE). In 5G, a two-tier cellular network composed of traditional cellular network system and D2D is an efficient method for realizing high-speed communication. D2D enables direct communication between devices without the relay of base station. To accomplish this, three technologies, Device-to-Device communication (D2D), multi-access edge computing (MEC) and network function virtualization (NFV) with ClickOS, have been a significant part of 5G, and this paper mainly discusses them. 5G is a new generation of mobile networking that aims to achieve unparalleled speed and performance.
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